Effects of Nicotine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Blood Parameters of Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
33-37
Received:
3 May 2017
Accepted:
17 May 2017
Published:
6 July 2017
Abstract: In this study, the effects of nicotine and sodium bicarbonate on some blood parameters of male albino rats were investigated. Seventy five albino rats of 90 days old and average body weight of 190g were used. These animals were randomly selected into five groups, A, B, C, D, and E of five rats each. This experiment was replicated three times. Group A was the control group and they were given normal saline. Group B was treated with only nicotine of 0.5ml of 1g/100ml while other groups, C, D, and E received this same concentration of nicotine but with varying concentration levels of (1ml, 2ml, and 3ml of 2g/100ml) of sodium bicarbonate respectively. The treatments were administered orally using gastrointestinal cannular for four weeks. The result showed elevations of serum level in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the entire treated groups but there was no significant difference, when compared with the control. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) in WBC of group B when compared with the control group, and the value obtained from group A was 10.6 x 103 ± 333 cells mm-3, while 4.4 x 103 ± 333 cells mm-3 was obtained from group B. There was also significant difference in RBC value of group B, ( P < 0.05) when compared with the control group, and the value obtained from group A, the control group was 10.6x106±620 cells mm-3 while 4.6 x106 ± 340 cells mm-3 was obtained from group B. Also, there was significant difference in PCV mean values of group B, C, and D, (P < 0.05) when compared with the control group. The value obtained from group A, the control group was 42 ± 0.5 % while 27.3 ± 1.7 %, 35 ± 1.5 %, and 36 ± 2.3 % were obtained from group B, C, and D respectively. Generally, effects of nicotine were much in group B that received 0.5ml of nicotine without sodium bicarbonate, and these effects decreased as concentration of sodium bicarbonate increased in other groups with fixed concentration of nicotine.
Abstract: In this study, the effects of nicotine and sodium bicarbonate on some blood parameters of male albino rats were investigated. Seventy five albino rats of 90 days old and average body weight of 190g were used. These animals were randomly selected into five groups, A, B, C, D, and E of five rats each. This experiment was replicated three times. Group...
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D-Riboce-L-Cystein Maintained Testicular Integrity in Rats Model (Rattus Novergicus) Exposed to X-Ray
Dare Babatunde Joseph,
Olayemi Olamide Samuel,
Falana Benedict Abiola,
Duru Francis I. Ogueri,
Osinubi Abraham A. A.
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
38-44
Received:
12 March 2017
Accepted:
27 May 2017
Published:
18 July 2017
Abstract: Oxidative stress mechanisms are involved in xenobiotic-induced testicular dysfunctions which consequently lead to male infertility, however, antioxidants work like a defense system, disarming free radicals. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the maintenance of testicular integrity using D-Riboce-L-cysteine on X–ray induced testicular damage in adult wistar rats (Rattus Novergicus). A total of 20 male rats were randomly selected into Five (5) groups of Four (4) animal each. Control animals received only water while treated animals include: animals induced with X–ray only; around the pelvic and perineum region at about 95 kv, 12.5 milliampere-seconds (mA.s), 50 focal field distance (FFD), animals treated with D-Riboce-L-cysteine at 30 mg/kg body weight of D-Riboce-L-cysteine before exposed to 95 kv, 12.5 milliampere-seconds (mA.s), 50 focal field distance (FFD) of X-ray, animals treated with 95kv, 12.5 milliampere-seconds (mA.s), 50 focal field distance (FFD) of X-ray per animal before receiving 30 mg/kg body weight of D-Riboce-L-cysteine and animals treated with 30 mg/kg body weight of D-Riboce-L-cysteine only. After 21 days of treatments, the animals were sacrificed, and the testes were excised following abdominal incision, fixed in Bouin’s fluids for histological observations and right testis was homogenized in 5% sucrose solution for determination of enzymes of carbohydrates metabolism. Sperm was obtained from the caudal part of the epididymis for analysis of sperm characteristics. Reduced sperm count, abnormal morphology and significant (p < 0.05) higher non motile sperm characterized the animals expose to X-ray. However, sperm characteristics was maintained in control animals (p < 0.05) and animals treated with D-Riboce-L-cysteine only. Reduced activities in enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism (G-6-PDH) and significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation shown by the activities of MDA in the X-ray treated groups compared to animals treated with D-Riboce-L-cysteine (p < 0.05) and the control animals. Abnormal widening of the interstitial space, loss of the basal laminal, degeneration in spermatogonia with vacuolation. Loss of germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules were also observed in animals expose to X-ray. Exposure to X-ray disrupts spermatogenesis by disruption and depletion of the spermatids and spermatogonia population, which caused increase in testicular tissue damage and consequently, altered the sperm characteristics. D-Riboce-L-cysteine clearly demonstrated maintenance of testicular integrity and enhance sperm characteristics; indication of fertility enhancing ability.
Abstract: Oxidative stress mechanisms are involved in xenobiotic-induced testicular dysfunctions which consequently lead to male infertility, however, antioxidants work like a defense system, disarming free radicals. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the maintenance of testicular integrity using D-Riboce-L-cysteine on X–ray induced testicular d...
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